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mpq2451 - 5/33 - aec1 36v , 2.2mhz , 0.6 a, step - down converter aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 1 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. description the mpq2451 - 5/33 is a high - frequency , step - down , switch ing regulator with an integrated , high - voltage , high - side power mosfet . it efficiently outputs up to 0.6a , with current - mode control for fast loop response. the wide 3.3 v - to - 36v input rang e accommodates a va rie ty of automotive step - down applications , and the 3 a shutdown - mode quiescent current allows use in battery - powered applications. the mpq2451 - 5/33 achieves high power - conversion efficiency over a wide load range by scaling down the switching frequency under light - load condition s to reduce switching and gat e driving losses. f requency fold - back prevent s inductor current runaway during start - up. thermal shutdown provides reliable, fault - tolerant operation. the mpq2451 - 5/33 is available in cost - effective sot23 - 6l and qfn - 6l package s . features ? guaranteed indu strial /automotive temp . range s ? 130 a operating quiescent current ? wide 3.3 v - to - 36v operating input range ? 5 0 0m internal power mosfet ? 2 .2 m hz fixed s witching frequency ? internally compensated ? stable with ceramic output capacitors ? internal s oft - start ? precision current limit without current sen sing resistor ? > 9 0 % efficiency ? fixed 5v & 3.3v outputs ? 6 - lead sot 23 and qfn package s ? available in aec - q100 grade 1 applications ? high - voltage power conversion , including o automotive systems o industrial power systems o distributed power systems o battery - powered sy stems all mps parts are lead - free and adhere to the rohs directive. for mps green status, please visit mps website under products, quality assurance page. mps and the future of analog ic technology are r egistered t rademarks of monolithic power systems , inc. typical application
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 2 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. ordering information part number package top marking mpq2451 g t - 5 * sot23 - 6l age mpq2451 g t - 5 - aec1 mpq2451 g t - 33 ** agf mpq2451 g t - 33 - aec1 mpq2451 g g - 5 qfn - 6l bp mpq2451 g g - 5 - aec1 mpq2451 g g - 33 bq mpq2451 g g - 33 - aec1 * for tape & reel, add suffix C z ( e. g. mpq2451 g t - 5 C aec1 - z ) ** for tape & reel, add suffix - z (e.g. mpq2451 g t - 33 - z) package reference sot23 - 6l qfn - 6l absolute maximum rat ings (1) supply volt age (v in ) .................... ? 0.3v to + 4 0 v switch voltage (v sw ) ........... ? 0. 3 v to ( v in +0. 3 v ) bst to sw ................................ .... ? 0.3 to + 5.0 v all other pins ............................. C 0.3v to + 5.0 v continuous power dissipation (t a = 25 c) (2) sot23 - 6l ................................ ................ 0.57w qfn - 6l ................................ .................... 1.56 w junction temperature .............................. 150 c lead temperature ................................ ... 260 c storage temper ature .............. ? 65c to + 150 c recommended operating conditions ( 3 ) supply voltage v in .......................... 3.3 v to 36v operating junction temp . (t j ). ? 40 c to +125 c thermal resistance ( 4 ) ja jc sot23 - 6l .............................. 220 .... 1 10 .. c/w qfn - 6l ................................ ... 8 0 ...... 16 ... c/w notes: 1) exceeding these ratings may damage the d evice. 2) the maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature t j (max), t he junction - to - ambient thermal resistance ja , and the ambient temperature t a . the maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at any ambient tem perature is calculated by p d (max) = (t j (max) - t a )/ ja . exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from pe rmanent damage. 3) the device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) measured on jesd51 - 7, 4 - layer pcb. o u t o u t
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 3 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. electrical character istics v in = 12v, v en = 2v, t j = ? 40 c to + 125 c , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t j = 25 c . parameter symbol condition min typ max units output voltage mpq2451 - 5 v out 6 v < v in < 36v 4.8 5 5.2 v 6 v < v in < 36v , t j = 25 c 4.85 5 5.15 mpq2451 - 33 3.3 v < v in < 36v 3.168 3.3 3.432 v 3.3 v < v in < 36v , t j = 25 c 3.2 3.3 3.4 upper s witch - on resistance r ds(on) v bst ? v sw =5v t j = 25 c 500 m upper switch leakage v en = 0v, v sw = 0v 0.5 2 a current limit i lim t j = 25 c 0.75 1 a t j = - 40 c to +125 c 0.65 comp to current sense transconductance (5) g cs 3 a/v v in uvlo , up per threshold 2.7 3. 29 v v in uvlo , hysteresis 0.4 v soft - start time 0.5 1 ms oscillator frequency f sw 1.8 2.2 2.6 mhz minimum switch - on time (5) on 80 ns shutdown supply current i s v en < 0.3v 1 a quiescent supply current i q no load, no switching 130 170 a thermal shut down (5) 150 c enable t hreshold , high v ih low - to - high 1.35 1.5 1.8 v enable t hreshold , hysteresis 400 m v notes : 5) derived from bench characterization, not tested in production.
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 4 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. pin functions sot23 - 6l pin # qfn - 6l pin # name description 1 6 bst bootstrap. positive power supply for the internal , floating , high - side mosfet driver. connect a bypass capacitor between this pin and sw pin. 2 5 gnd ground. connect the output capacitor as close to this pin as possible. avoid routing near high - current sw itch paths. 3 4 out output - voltage sense. connected to the tap of a n internal resistor divider to set the output voltage. 4 3 en enable. pull this pin below the specified threshold to shut the chip down. pull it above the specified threshold to enable th e chip. float this pin to disable the chip. 5 2 vin input supply. supplies power to all internal control circuitry. requires a decoupling capacitor to ground to reduce switching spikes. 6 1 sw switch node. output of the high - side switch. requires a low - v f schottky diode connected to ground to reduce switching spikes.
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 5 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. typical characterist ics
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 6 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. typical performance characteristics v in = 12v, c1 = 10 f, c2 = 22 f, l = 3.3 h and t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted. mpq2451 - 5
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 7 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. typical performance characterist ics (continued) v in = 12v, c1 = 10 f, c2 = 22 f, l = 3.3 h and t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted. mpq2451 - 5
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 8 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. typical performance characteristics (continued) v in = 12v, c1 = 10 f, c2 = 22 f, l = 3.3 h and t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted. mpq2451 - 33
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 9 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. typ ical performance cha racteristics (continued) v in = 12v, c1 = 10 f, c2 = 22 f, l = 3.3 h and t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted. mpq2451 - 33
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 10 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. function al block diagram figure 1 : functional block diagram o u t
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 11 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. operation the mpq2451 - 5/33 is a 2 .2 mhz, a synchronous, step - down , switching regulator with an integrated high - side , high - voltage , power mosfet. it provides an internally - compensated , highly - efficient output of up to 0.6a with current - mode control. it also features a wide input voltage range, internal soft - start control, and a precise current limit. its very - low , operational , quiescent current makes it suitable for battery - powered applications. pwm c ontrol at moderate - to - high output current, the mpq2451 - 5/33 operates in a fixed - frequency , peak - current - control mode to regulate the output voltage. a pwm cycle initiated by the internal clock turns the power mosfet on , and the mosfet remains on until its current reaches the value set by v comp . when the pwm signal goes low, the power switch turns off and remains off for at least 100n s before the next cycle starts. if the current in the power mosfet does not reach the comp - set current value within one pwm cycle , the power mosfet remains on to avoid a turn - off operat ion. pulse - s kipping mode under light - load condition s , the mpq2451 - 5/33 enters pulse - skipping mode to improve efficiency. pulse - skipping occurs when v comp drops below the internal sleep threshold, which generates a pause command to block the turn - on clock p ulse so the power mosfet does not turn on ; this procedure reduces gate driving and switching losses. this pause command causes the whole chip to enter sleep mode , reducing the quiescent current to further improve light - load efficiency. when v comp exceeds t he sleep threshold, the pause signal reset s and the chip resumes normal pwm operation. whenever the pause changes state from low to high , the pwm signal immediately goes high and turns on the power mosfet. error a mplifier the erro r amplifier is composed of an internal op - amp with an rc feedback network connected between its output node (comp) and its negative input node (fb). when v fb drops below the internal reference voltage ( v ref ), the op - amp drives the comp output high, driving the switch peak current t o rise and deliver more energy to the output. conversely, when v fb rises above v ref , the switch peak current output drops. internal r egulator the 2.6v internal regulator powers most of the internal circuitry . this regulator takes the v in input and operates in the full v in range. when v in exceeds 3.0v, the output of the regulator is in full regulation. when v in drops below 3.0v , the output degrades. enable c ontrol the mpq2451 - 5/33 has a dedicated enable control pin , en. when v in rises above threshold , the en pin can enable or disable the chip for high effective logic . its falling threshold is 1.2v , and its rising threshold is about 1.6v . when left float ing , the en pin is internally pulled down to gnd to disable the chip . when the en voltage is pulled to 0v, the chip enters the lowest shutdown current mode. between 0v and the rising threshold, the chip remains in shutdown mode with a slightly higher shutdown current. under - v oltage l ockout (uvlo) v in under - voltage lockout (uvlo) protect s the chip from operating at an insufficient supply voltage. the uvlo rising threshold is ~ 2.9v while its falling threshold is 2.6v. internal s oft - start a reference - type soft - start (ss) prevent s the converter - output voltage from overshooting during startup. when the chip starts, the internal circuitry generates a soft - start voltage (v ss ) that ramps up from 0v over the ss time . when v ss is less than v ref , v ss overrides v ref as the error amplifier reference. the maximum v ss is approximately the same as v fb ; i.e. if v fb falls, the ma ximum of v ss falls . this accommodate s short - circuit recovery ; when the short - circuit is removed, v ss ramps up to prevent output - voltage overshoot.
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 12 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. thermal s hutdown thermal shutdown prevent s thermal runaway. when the silicon die temperature exceeds its upp er threshold, the entire chip shuts down. when the temperature drops below its lower threshold, the chip is enabled again. floating d river and b ootstrap c harging an external bootstrap capacitor powers the floating - power - mosfet driver. this floating driver has its own uvlo protection with a rising threshold of about 2.4v and a falling threshold of about 300mv. during this uvlo, v ss reset s to 0v . when the uvlo is removed, the controller enters soft - start . the dedicated intern al - bootstrap regulator charges and regulates the bootstrap capacitor to about 5v. when the voltage between the bst and sw nodes falls below its regulation, a pmos pass transistor connected from v in to bst turns on. the charging current path goes from v in bst sw. the external circuit must p rovide enough voltage headroom to facilitate charging. if v in is sufficiently higher than v sw , the bootstrap capacitor will charge . when the power mosfet is on, v in = v sw so the bootstrap capacitor does not charg e . optimal charging occurs when v in ? v sw reache s its apex when the external freewheeling diode is on. when there is no current in the inductor, v sw = v out so v in ? v out can charge the bootstrap capacitor. at a higher duty cycle, the bootstrap capacitor may not be charged sufficiently because of a shorter c harging period . if there is in sufficient voltage and time to charge the bootstrap capacitor, add an extra external circuit to ensure the bootstrap voltage in normal operation region. the floating drivers uvlo is not communicated to the controller. make s ure the bleed - through current at the sw node is at least higher than the floating drivers dc quiescent current of about 20a . current comparator and c urrent l imit a current - sense mosfet senses the power mosfet current. this value is the input to the high - speed - current comparator for current - mode control. when the power mosfet turn s on, the comparator is first blanked to limit noise , and then compares the power switch current to the v comp . when the sensed value exceeds v comp , the comparator output goes low to turn off the power mosfet. the maximum current of the internal power mosfet is internally limited cycle - by - cycle . startup and s hutdown if both v in and v en exceed their respective thresholds, the chip starts . the reference block starts first to generat e a stable reference voltage and current , and then the internal regulator operates to provide a stable supply for the rest circuit. while the internal supply rail is up, an internal timer turn s the power mosfet off for about 50s to blank startup noise . when the internal soft - start block is enabled, it first holds its ss output low to ensure the rest of the circuit is ready before ramping up. three events shut down the chip: en low, v in low, thermal shutdown. during shutdown, the signaling path is blocked fir st to avoid any fault triggering. v comp and the internal supply rail are then pulled low . the floating driver is not subject to this shutdown command but its charging path is disabled.
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 13 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. application informat ion component selection inductor the inductor sup pl ies constant current to the ou tput load while being driven by the switched input voltage. a larger - value inductor will result in less ripple current and lower output ripple voltage. however, the larger - value inductor is typically physically larger , has a higher series resistance, or has a lower saturation current. to determine the inductance , allow the peak - to - peak ripple current in the inductor to be approximately 30% of the maximum load current. also, chose a peak inductor current below the maximum swi tch current limit. the inductance value can be calculated by: where v out is the output voltage, v in is the input voltage, f s is the switching frequency, and i l is the peak - to - peak inductor ripple current. choose an inductor that will not saturate under the maximum inductor peak current. the peak inductor current can be calculated by: where i load is the load current. table 2 lists a number of suitable inductors from various manufacturers. the choice of which style inductor to use mainly depends on the price vs. size requirements and any emi requirement. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in out l s out v v 1 i f v 1 l ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in out s out load lp v v 1 1 l f 2 v i i
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 14 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. table 1 : inductor selectio n guide part number inductance (h) max dcr ( ) 3 ) wurth electronics 7440430022 2.2 0.028 2.5 4.8 4.8 2.8 744043003 3.3 0.035 2.15 4.8 4.8 2.8 7447785004 4.7 0.078 2.4 5.9 6.2 3.2 toko d63cb - #a916cy - 2r0m 2.0 0.019 2.36 6.2 6.3 3.0 d62cb - #a916cy - 3r3m 3 .3 0.026 2.17 6.2 6.3 3.0 d62cb - #a916cy - 4r7m 4.7 0.032 2.1 6.2 6.3 3.0 tdk ltf5022t - 2r2n3r2 2.2 0.04 3.2 5.2 5.0 2.2 ltf5022t - 3r3n2r5 3.3 0.06 2.5 5.2 5.0 2.2 ltf5022t - 4r7n2r0 4.7 0.081 2.0 5.2 5.0 2.2 cooper bussmann sd25 - 2r2 2.2 0.031 2.8 5.2 5.2 2.5 sd25 - 3r3 3.3 0.038 2.21 5.2 5.2 2.5 sd25 - 4r7 4.7 0.047 1.83 5.2 5.2 2.5 the input capacitor (c1) can be electrolytic, tantalum or ceramic. when using electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, add a small, high quality ceramic capacitor for example, 0.1f as close to the ic as possible. when using ceramic capacitors, make sure that they have enough capacitance to provide sufficient charge to prevent excessive voltage ripple at input. the input voltage ripple caused by capacitance can be estimated by: output capacitor the output capacitor (c2) maintain s the dc output voltage. ceramic, tantalum, or low esr electrolytic capacitors are recommended. low esr capacitors are preferred to keep the output voltage ripple low. the output vo ltage ripple can be estimated by: where l is the inductor value and r esr is the equivalent series resistance (esr) value of the output capacitor. for ceramic capacitors, the impedance at the switching frequency is dominated by the capacitance. the output voltage ripple is mainly caused by the capacitance. for simplification, the output voltage ripple can be estimated by: for tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the esr dominates the impedance at the switchin g frequency. for simplification, the output ripple can be approximated to: the characteristics of the output capacitor also affect the stability of the regulation system. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in out in out s load in v v 1 v v 1 c f i v ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 c f 8 1 r v v 1 l f v v s esr in out s out out ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in out 2 s out out v v 1 2 c l f 8 v v esr in out s out out r v v 1 l f v v ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 15 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. external bootstrap diode an external bootstrap diode from 5 v to the bst pin may enhance the efficiency of the regulator if t here is a 5v rail available to the system , v in 6 v , or for high - duty - cycle (v out /v in > 65%) applications. a low - cost bootstrap diode , such as in4148 or bat54 , is suitable for such applicatio ns . figure 2 : external bootstrap diode at no load or light load, the converter may operate in pulse - skipping mode in order to regulate the output voltage and leave less time to refresh the bs t voltage. to ensure sufficient gate voltage, select ( v in - v out ) > 3v. to meet this requirement, the en pin can be used to program the input uvlo voltage to v out +3v. pcb layout pcb layout requires high - frequency noise considerations to limit voltage spikes on the s w node and to limit emi noise . keep the path of the input decoupling capacitor, catch diode , the v in pin, sw pin , and pgnd as short as possible using short and wide traces , with the passive components as close to the device as possible . run the feedback t race far from the inductor and noisy power traces : if possible, run the feedback trace on the opposite side of the pcb from the inductor , separated by a ground plane. expect greater switching loss es at high switching frequenc ies . add a grid of thermal vias under the exposed pad to improve thermal conductivity . use small vias (15mil barrel diameter) so that the hole fill s during the plating process , and to avoid solder wicking during the reflow process associated with larger vias . use a pitch (distance betwe en the centers) of approximately 40mil between the thermal vias. please refer to the layout example on ev q 2451 - g - 33 datasheet. typical application circuits ( qfn - 6l ) figure 3 : 5 v output typical application schematic m p q 2 4 5 1 - 5 / 3 3 b s t s w 1 0 0 n f 5 v
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 16 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. figure 4 : 3 . 3 v output typical application schematic
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolit hicpower.com 17 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. package information sot23 - 6l
mpq2451 - 5/33 D 36v , 2.2mh z , 0.6 a, step - down converter , aec - q100 qualified notice: the information in this document is subject to change without notice. users should warrant and guarantee that third party inte llectual property rights are not infringed upon when integrating mps products into any application. mps will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. mpq2451 - 5/33 rev 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 18 5/25/2016 mps proprietary information. patent protected . unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2016 mps. all rights reserved. qfn 6 (2mmx2mm) side view top view 1 6 4 3 bottom view 1 . 90 2 . 10 0 . 65 0 . 85 1 . 90 2 . 10 1 . 25 1 . 45 0 . 65 bsc 0 . 20 0 . 30 0 . 80 1 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 05 0 . 20 ref pin 1 id marking 0 . 70 0 . 65 0 . 25 recommended land pattern 1 . 90 pin 1 id see detail a 1 . 40 0 . 70 pin 1 id option a 0 . 30 x 45 o typ . pin 1 id option b r 0 . 20 typ . detail a 0 . 30 0 . 40 pin 1 id index area

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